Quantum Computers and Internet
Building a quantum internet is a key ambition for many countries around the world, such a breakthrough will give them a competitive advantage in a promising disruptive technology, and opens a new world of innovations and unlimited possibilities and that is the reason those top tech companies like Microsoft, IBM and other are investing so much of effort and money to build this technology as soon as possible.
How quantum computers are different from traditional ones?
Quantum physics is not just a term basically it is the topic that has haunted many physicists in the early 20th century as they get to know that quantum particle does not follow classical physics they show extremely strange behaviors like they can exist in two states in the same time and by taking these extreme behaviors as advantage quantum computers were built. these computers use two principles of physics superposition and entanglement.
superposition:- Think of an electron in a magnetic field. The electron’s spin may be either in alignment with the field, which is known as a spin-up state or opposite to the field, which is known as a spin-down state. According to quantum law, the particle enters a superposition of states, in which it behaves as if it were in both states simultaneously.
Entanglement:- Particles that have interacted at some point retain a type of connection and can be entangled with each other in pairs, in a process known as correlation. Knowing the spin state of one entangled particle — up or down — allows one to know that the spin of its mate is in the opposite direction. Quantum entanglement allows qubits that are separated by incredible distances to interact with each other instantaneously (not limited to the speed of light). No matter how great the distance between the correlated particles, they will remain entangled as long as they are isolated.
Using these principles quantum computers can use superposition of both 0 and 1 at the time of calculation and due to entanglement quantum computers are billions of times faster than classic computers but quantum computers need ultracold room temperature to operate and classical computers can be operated at normal room temperature.
What is Quantum Internet?
The quantum internet is a network that will let quantum devices exchange some information within an environment that harnesses the odd laws of quantum mechanics. In theory, this would lend the quantum internet unprecedented capabilities that are impossible to carry out with today’s web applications
In the quantum world, data can be encoded in the state of qubits, which can be created in quantum devices like a quantum computer or a quantum processor. And the quantum internet, in simple terms, will involve sending qubits across a network of multiple quantum devices that are physically separated.
It might sound like it's similar to the internet we are using right now But sending qubits around through a quantum channel, rather than a classical one, means leveraging the behavior of particles when taken at their smallest scale — so-called “quantum states”.
